Guide to Black Walnut
Let's dive into the magical world of black walnut trees! You might be thinking, "What's the big deal with these trees?" Well, strap in, because we're about to explore why these majestic giants are the rock stars of the tree kingdom.
What is the obsession with Black walnut? The answer is not ubiquitous.
Treasures Hidden Within: Beneath the unassuming exterior of a black walnut tree lies the ultimate gourmet secret. These nuts are a culinary delight, coveted by bakers and chefs for their exceptional flavor. Planting a black walnut tree means having a source of exquisite, homegrown ingredients at your fingertips.
The Woodworker's Dream: For those who appreciate the finer things in life, black walnut wood is a treasure trove of possibilities. Craftsmen and artisans prize it for its stunning appearance and workability. With your own black walnut tree, you have the raw material to create heirloom-quality furniture and art.
The Perfect Shade Tree: Beyond their many talents, black walnut trees offer cool respite on hot summer days with their generous shade. Picture your children or grandchildren playing in the dappled sunlight, making memories under the canopy of your very own black walnut tree.
Do I have your attention?
How Can I grow one of these?
Do I already have one in the yard?
Can one even grow where I live?
Well don’t stop reading now!
First is Black Walnut Identification.
Height – This North American giant can grow upward of 100 feet tall in about 80-100 years
Growing Zones
USDA Zone 4-9 This includes most of the east coast and most of the way west to States like Texas and Oklahoma. If you live in these zone It is possible you may already have a tree on your property.
Leaf
The Leaf structure of Black Walnut includes a stem with 23 leaflets arranged opposite each other. In early fall leaves will transform into a bright yellow. Black Walnut seems to be one of the first American hardwoods to change color in North East America.
Bark
Characterized by having deep ridges on the trunk as well as the branches.
Fruit
Although called fruit. The fruiting bodies these trees produce are… Walnuts. Small green balls a little bit bigger than a golf ball will begin falling from the tree in early fall.
let me guess. You looked at every tree and didn’t find one. No sweat. I’ll show you how to plant one.
There are some things you should know before we start!
Getting to Know
Black Walnut Trees
Scientifically known as Juglans Nigra, they hold an air of mystery that's only enhanced by their delicious, flavorful nuts and stunning, dark wood. Join us in this section as we delve into the world of black walnut trees, getting to know their different varieties and the captivating qualities that make them a favorite among tree enthusiasts and gardeners alike.
The primary species of black walnut is Juglans nigra, but there are a few cultivars and hybrids that are notable. Choosing the right hybrid or a combination of species could help you ward off diseases that will ravage your tree.
Juglans Nigra (Black Walnut): This is the native black walnut species, commonly found in North America. It's known for its flavorful nuts and high-quality wood.
Thomas Black Walnut (Juglans nigra 'Thomas'): A cultivar with slightly smaller nuts than the standard black walnut. It's prized for its sweet and mild flavor.
Sparks Black Walnut (Juglans nigra 'Sparks 127'): This cultivar is known for its large nuts and early nut production.
Ohio Black Walnut (Juglans nigra 'Ohio'): As the name suggests, this cultivar is found in Ohio. It's known for its abundant nut production and resistance to certain diseases.
Robert Livermore Black Walnut (Juglans nigra 'Robert Livermore'): This cultivar is famous for its high-quality wood, which is sought after by woodworkers and furniture makers.
Carpathian Walnut (Juglans regia): While not a black walnut, the Carpathian walnut is often grown for its nuts, which have a milder flavor than true black walnuts.
Heartnut (Juglans ailantifolia var. cordiformis): These trees produce heart-shaped nuts, making them visually distinctive. They have a milder flavor compared to black walnuts.
Butternut (Juglans cinerea): Though not a black walnut, butternut trees produce similar-looking nuts. They are smaller and have a milder flavor.
Keep in mind that black walnut cultivars and varieties may vary in terms of nut flavor, size, and other characteristics. The choice of which variety to plant depends on your specific goals, such as whether you're interested in nut production or high-quality wood. Many reginal factors, regional factors may influence which varieties are best suited for your location.
Planting Your Black Walnut Tree
You picked the right species for you and are ready to start getting your hands dirty.
Like your garden, Your orchard needs to be planned. Here are some things to consider.
I usually start with light requirements but this tree is unusual. So be certain that you are planting in an area where you are okay with nothing else growing.
Proximity to Other Trees: Be mindful of proximity to other trees, especially those susceptible to juglone, a chemical produced by black walnut trees that can harm some plants. Plant black walnuts away from vegetable gardens, flower beds, or other plants sensitive to juglone.
Sunlight: Black walnut trees thrive in full sun. Ensure that the chosen location receives at least 6 to 8 hours of direct sunlight daily.
Well-Drained Soil: Black walnuts prefer well-drained soil that doesn't become waterlogged. They are not tolerant of soggy or clayey soils. Conduct a soil test to assess the soil's drainage and quality. Loam or sandy loam soils are generally suitable.
Soil pH: Black walnuts grow best in slightly acidic to neutral soils with a pH level between 6.0 and 7.0. Adjust the soil pH if necessary to create the right growing conditions.
TIP: If you have unfavorable soil conditions look for a hybrid that may accommodate those conditions.
Spacing: Black walnut trees need space to grow and develop a healthy root system. Mature plants could use up too 40 to 60 feet in spacing. If you only want one or two trees for shade. This may be ideal. If you are planting to harvest the nuts or lumber I would recommend planting in rows 10 feet apart. When over crowing begins you can cull the smaller trees. Black Walnut has evolved in very competitive environments and will grow perfectly straight in limited light environments. Making perfect lumber.
Air Circulation: Ensure good air circulation around the trees to reduce the risk of fungal diseases. Avoid planting them close to structures or other obstructions.
Access to Water: Although fairly drought resistant ensure that your black walnut trees have access to a consistent source of water, especially during their early years when they are establishing their root systems. Drip irrigation or soaker hoses can be helpful.
Local Climate: Consider your local climate and growing zone. Black walnut trees are hardy in USDA Zones 4-9, but specific cultivars may be better suited to your region.
Pest and Disease Management: Be aware of common pests and diseases in your area that may affect black walnut trees, and take preventative measures if needed. Having too many of the same species and variety of tree could be disaster for your whole orchard.
When selecting the best location for your black walnut trees, it's essential to balance these factors to create optimal growing conditions. Proper planning at the planting stage can lead to healthier and more productive trees in the long run.
Prepairing the Soil
Proper soil preparation ensures that your black walnut tree starts its life in a suitable environment and has the best chance for healthy growth. Regular monitoring and care, especially during the first few years, will help your tree become established and thrive.
You have already tested the soil and you
selected where to plant.
Dig: The hole should be very deep. Black walnut have a tap root, be careful not to damage it. I recommend an auger
Improve Soil Drainage: If your soil doesn't drain well, you can improve it by adding organic matter. Incorporate compost or well-rotted manure into the soil to enhance its drainage capabilities.
Adjust Soil pH: Black walnut trees thrive in slightly acidic to neutral soil with a pH range between 6.0 and 7.0. If your soil test indicates a pH outside of this range, you may need to amend the soil to achieve the optimal pH level. Lime can be added to raise pH, while sulfur can be used to lower it.
Remove Weeds and Debris: Clear the planting area of weeds, rocks, and debris. Weeds can compete with young black walnut trees for nutrients and water.
Provide Proper Nutrients: Based on your soil test results, you may need to add specific nutrients. A balanced fertilizer with adequate phosphorus is often recommended for young trees.
Mulch: Apply a layer of organic mulch, such as wood chips or shredded bark, around the base of the tree after planting. This helps conserve moisture, suppress weeds, and improve soil quality over time.
Black Walnut Planting Season
Black Walnut has a large growing range so it varries. Like most plants. Avoid frost. The more warm months the saplings have to acclimate to there new home the better. It seems February to April works in most places.
Caring for your Black Walnut
1. Watering
Ensure consistent moisture, especially during the first few years of growth.
Water deeply and thoroughly when the soil begins to dry. Avoid overwatering, as black walnut trees do not tolerate waterlogged soil.
2. Mulching
Apply a layer of organic mulch, such as wood chips or shredded bark, around the base of the tree. You can use different types of mulch to help balance out your soil PH if you need too.
Mulch helps retain soil moisture, suppress weeds, and maintain a stable soil temperature.
3. Pruning
Prune any dead, damaged, or diseased branches. Proper pruning promotes good structure and airflow.
Utilize pruning to shape the way you want your tree to grow.
Prune dead growth anytime. But do your heavy pruning at the end of the growing season as to not stress out your trees.
4. Fertilization
Young black walnut trees may benefit from balanced, slow-release fertilizer in spring.
Follow the recommendations from a soil test to determine nutrient needs.
5. Protection from Wildlife
Use tree guards or fencing to protect young saplings from browsing by deer and other wildlife.
6. Weed Control
Keep the area around the saplings free of weeds, which can compete for nutrients and water.
You shouldn’t need chemicals for this. A weed eater and some elbow grease will do just fine.
7. Disease and Pest Management
Monitor for common pests and diseases, such as aphids or fungal issues.
Take appropriate action if you notice signs of problems, which may include insecticidal or fungicidal treatments.
Infections may spread quickly from tree to tree so be aware.
I recommend introducing native insect predators to your orchard every spring to keep down the pests. Landy Bugs and Praying Mantis are good choices in my area.
8. Staking (if needed)
Some young saplings may require staking to provide support against strong winds or to ensure they grow upright.
Use soft, flexible ties to secure the sapling to the stakes, being careful not to damage the bark.
9. Juglone Management
Be aware that black walnut trees produce juglone, a chemical that can harm or inhibit the growth of certain plants. Avoid planting sensitive species near black walnuts.
Remember that young black walnut trees need extra care during their establishment phase, which can last several years. As they mature, they become hardier and more self-sustaining. Regularly assess your saplings' growth and health, and provide the necessary care to ensure they thrive and develop into healthy, productive trees.
